Image ID 120801009 via © Chernetskaya | Dreamstime.com
Ever wondered what having a dynamic window would be like? One that could let in more light in the mornings, shut out the glare of the afternoons, and turn opaque when it’s time to sleep?
In a promising development for such a reality, researchers from NC State University recently unveiled a material that could pave the way for this next generation of windows.
This innovation could offer building occupants the flexibility to switch between three distinct modes: transparent, heat-blocking, and glare-tinted, thus enhancing the comfort and energy efficiency of indoor spaces.
Of course, the idea of dynamic windows—which alter their opacity in response to an electric stimulus—is not a new concept.
Transparent windows on an apartment building. Image generated using AI
However, until now, most of these windows were limited to two states: either fully transparent or completely dark. The breakthrough here lies in the role of a rather unexpected material: water.
The researchers discovered that when water is incorporated within the crystalline structure of tungsten oxide, forming a compound known as tungsten oxide hydrate, the material exhibits previously undiscovered properties.
Tungsten oxides have long been employed in dynamic windows due to their inherent transparency. Yet, when subjected to an electrical signal and infused with lithium ions and electrons, they darken and block incoming light.
Notably, the specific feature of tungsten oxide hydrate that distinguishes it from other materials is its ability to be finely tuned to block certain wavelengths of light selectively.
Fully-opaque windows on an office building. Image generated using AI
When lithium ions and electrons are introduced into the hydrate material, it initially transitions into a “heat-blocking” phase.
In this state, visible light wavelengths are allowed to pass through, providing ample illumination indoors while effectively blocking infrared light.
With a further injection of lithium ions and electrons, the material takes on a darker phase, effectively blocking both visible and infrared wavelengths of light.
This dual-phase behavior could revolutionize the design of dynamic windows, offering greater control over indoor lighting, heat management, and glare reduction.
Semi-tinted anti-glare windows on a factory building. Image generated using AI
While this development is still in the research phase, it holds significant promise for the construction and architecture industries.
In the near future, these windows could potentially provide a more energy-efficient way to manage light and temperature within buildings, enhancing both comfort and sustainability.
“Our work demonstrates that there are more options available,” said Veronica Augustyn, co-corresponding author of a paper on the work.
“Specifically, we’ve shown that you can allow light to pass through the windows while still helping to keep buildings cooler and thus more energy efficient.”
[via Interesting Engineering and Phys.org, cover image via Michael / NC State University]
by rrollins
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